{"id":4271,"date":"2022-06-28T11:35:56","date_gmt":"2022-06-28T09:35:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/turismodeosuna.es\/history-of-osuna\/"},"modified":"2023-03-27T01:42:23","modified_gmt":"2023-03-26T23:42:23","slug":"osuna-dans-lhistoire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/turismodeosuna.es\/fr\/osuna-dans-lhistoire\/","title":{"rendered":"Osuna dans l’histoire"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_content\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb 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Osuna dans l’histoire: de la pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 nos jours<\/span><\/h1>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb content_placement=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb bottom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb6%\u00a0\u00bb top_margin_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb5%\u00a0\u00bb bottom_margin_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0″ top_margin_phone=\u00a0\u00bb5%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb advanced_gradient_angle=\u00a0\u00bb0″ overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Osuna entre dans l\u2019histoire avec les historiens et g\u00e9ographes classiques : Estrab\u00f3n, Plinio et Diodoro parlent de l\u2019Urso romanis\u00e9e. \u00c0 l\u2019avance, Apiano et Diodoro racontent la pr\u00e9sence des troupes originaires d\u2019Italie, install\u00e9es dans ce territoire pour combattre contre les carthaginois ou Viriato. Cependant, il existe des preuves d\u2019implantations humaines \u00e0 Osuna depuis des si\u00e8cles avant. On connait des vestiges de cultures pr\u00e9historiques au-del\u00e0 d\u2019un mill\u00e9naire avant J\u00e9sus-Christ, dont les plus connus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts par Engel et Paris en 1903. Le Toro et la s\u00e9rie des Relieves de Osuna montrent une ancienne civilisation ib\u00e8re, qui a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 une culture extraordinaire o\u00f9 les meilleurs traditions m\u00e9diterran\u00e9es originaires de l\u2019Orient et de la Gr\u00e8ce ont cohabit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019irruption de Rome a entra\u00een\u00e9 un changement radical dans tous les domaines. Apr\u00e8s la bataille de Munda, Urso devient le dernier bastion pomp\u00e9ien contre les troupes de C\u00e9sar pendant la sanglant Guerre Civile entre les deux factions qui voulaient remporter l\u2019h\u00e9g\u00e9monie de la R\u00e9publique. Prise apr\u00e8s un si\u00e8ge, elle devient Colonie Genetiva Iulia par C\u00e9sar, recevant sa propre loi coloniale dont les fragments, les Bronces de Osuna, sont des documents juridiques exceptionnelles de cette \u00e9poque.<\/span><\/p>\n

La ville, appartenant au Conventus Astigitanus, devient l\u2019un des centres les plus d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s de la B\u00e9tique. Les restes du forum, le th\u00e9\u00e2tre ou la n\u00e9cropole des grottes t\u00e9moignent son pass\u00e9e splendide.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il ne reste pas grand-chose des si\u00e8cles de domination wisigothique. La crise du Bas-Empire a ouvert la voie aux dynasties barbares qui ont divis\u00e9 en petits royaumes l\u2019immense territoire autrefois contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par Rome. Un monde de plus en plus rural commence \u00e0 s\u2019imposer sur l\u2019ancienne civilisation urbaine latine.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][nectar_image_with_hotspots image=\u00a0\u00bb498″ preview=\u00a0\u00bbhttp:\/\/turismodeosuna.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/bronces-de-Osuna-museo-arqueolo\u0301gico.webp\u00a0\u00bb color_1=\u00a0\u00bbAccent-Color\u00a0\u00bb hotspot_icon=\u00a0\u00bbplus_sign\u00a0\u00bb tooltip=\u00a0\u00bbhover\u00a0\u00bb tooltip_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbtrue\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_hotspot left=\u00a0\u00bb29.5495%\u00a0\u00bb top=\u00a0\u00bb35.0136%\u00a0\u00bb position=\u00a0\u00bbtop\u00a0\u00bb]Ecritures latines sur bronze[\/nectar_hotspot][\/nectar_image_with_hotspots][vc_column_text]Le panorama change brusquement avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des musulmans au d\u00e9but du VIIIe si\u00e8cle. Au d\u00e9but, les nouveaux seigneurs n\u2019ont pas chang\u00e9 l\u2019organisation administrative et territoriale d\u2019Osuna, en vigueur depuis l\u2019\u00e9poque de Constantino, mais avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e du Califat, apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9volte de ben Hafsun au d\u00e9but du Xe si\u00e8cle, \u00dbsuna obtiendra le rang de cora, en abandonnant la d\u00e9pendance d\u2019\u00c9cija. C\u2019est un p\u00e9riode d\u2019apog\u00e9e du lieu ; l\u2019enclave fortifi\u00e9e commence \u00e0 avoir l\u2019apparence de ville. Cependant, les quelques restes qu\u2019on conserve du p\u00e9riode islamique sont de l\u2019\u00e9poque finale, sous le contr\u00f4le almohade. Il s\u2019agit des restes du complexe d\u00e9fensif: la Torre del Agua et les gros murs de l\u2019ancienne alcazaba. Sa persistance est due aux deux si\u00e8cles de guerres frontali\u00e8res.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gr\u00e2ce au d\u00e9veloppement urbain post\u00e9rieur, on peut expliquer la sobri\u00e9t\u00e9 des restes de cette \u00e9poque. En 1240, Fernando III prend pacifiquement la ville. Dans une premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape, le changement de ma\u00eetre n\u2019a pas caus\u00e9 d\u2019alt\u00e9ration de la population ; mais avec la r\u00e9volte des mud\u00e9jares en 1264, il y aura des transformations profondes. Les habitants musulmans sont expuls\u00e9s et la forteresse passe dans les mains de la Orden de Calatrava. C\u2019est une enclave importante et n\u00e9cessaire pour la d\u00e9fense d\u2019un secteur de la zone frontali\u00e8re appel\u00e9e \u00ab Banda morisca \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s deux si\u00e8cles de vie frontali\u00e8re difficile, quand la ville affrontait beaucoup de probl\u00e8mes, un \u00e9v\u00e9nement significatif a lieu en 1464. Osuna se trouve parmi les possessions que Pedro Gir\u00f3n obtient en Andalousie et devient la capitale de l\u2019\u00e9tat seigneurial qu\u2019il consolide pour son fil, Alfonso T\u00e9llez Gir\u00f3n, I comte d\u2019Ure\u00f1a.<\/span><\/p>\n

Osuna lie son destin \u00e0 cette famille et son aspect d\u00e9pendra, majoritairement, des actions de cette lign\u00e9e aristocratique. Les Girones commencent \u00e0 \u00e9laborer un programme de construction avec l\u2019objectif d\u2019obtenir l\u2019image souhait\u00e9e par les seigneurs. En accord avec les caract\u00e9ristiques de l\u2019\u00e9poque, Osuna se constitue dans un centre courtisan. L\u2019alcazaba almohade est r\u00e9nov\u00e9e comme palais au d\u00e9but du XVIe si\u00e8cle.<\/span><\/p>\n

La paroisse m\u00e9di\u00e9vale de Santa Mar\u00eda est remplac\u00e9e par la magnifique \u0153uvre de la Renaissance Colegiata de la Asunci\u00f3n, dont la chapelle du s\u00e9pulcre est l\u2019un des exemples le plus int\u00e9ressants du XVIe si\u00e8cle en Espagne. Pour achever ces \u0153uvres artistiques, les comtes d\u2019Ure\u00f1a \u2013Juan, Pedro et Juan- embauchent aux meilleurs auteurs de Sevilla \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque. De cette fa\u00e7on, les noms de Diego de Ria\u00f1o, Mart\u00edn Ga\u00ednza, Hernando de Esturmio, Roque Balduque, Luis de Morales, Arnao de Vergara, Juan de Zamora, etc. sont li\u00e9s au temple. Cette puissance artistique est compl\u00e9t\u00e9e au XVIIe si\u00e8cle avec la donation r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par Catalina Enr\u00edquez de Ribera, form\u00e9e par cinq toiles splendides de Jos\u00e9 de Ribera, ou la sculpture du Cristo de la Misericordia que la famille Hontiveros a command\u00e9 \u00e0 Juan de Mesa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les monuments de l\u2019acropole ducale se compl\u00e8tent avec l\u2019Universit\u00e9 et l\u2019h\u00f4pital de la Encarnaci\u00f3n, des institutions fond\u00e9es par le IV comte d\u2019Ure\u00f1a, p\u00e8re du premier duc d\u2019Osuna, titre donn\u00e9 aux Girones en 1562 par Felipe II. Lors de cette h\u00e9g\u00e9monie aristocratique, la Casa de Osuna tend \u00e0 se lier avec la cour royal. Sa pr\u00e9sence dans la ville est de plus en plus sporadique. L\u2019\u00e9poque des fondations, arriv\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce au travail de Juan T\u00e9llez Gir\u00f3n qui a transform\u00e9 la ville en mati\u00e8re religieuse, semble arriver \u00e0 son terme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Parall\u00e8lement \u00e0 ce processus de construction, dans la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XVIe si\u00e8cle la ville d\u00e9passe les limites de la muraille m\u00e9di\u00e9vale et s\u2019\u00e9tend. Dans ce si\u00e8cle, le tissu urbain est fix\u00e9, ainsi que les plusieurs \u00e9tablissements religieux : San Francisco, Santo Domingo, San Agust\u00edn, La Victoria, El Carmen, Consolaci\u00f3n, La Concepci\u00f3n, Santa Clara, San Pedro, el Esp\u00edritu Santo et Santa Catalina. Cette liste sera compl\u00e8te au XVIIe si\u00e8cle avec le couvent des j\u00e9suites \u2013San Carlos el Real-, la Merced, las Descalzas et l\u2019ermitage du saint patron de la ville, San Arcadio.<\/span><\/p>\n

Au XVIIe si\u00e8cle et principalement au XVIIIe, on trouve un progr\u00e8s de la noblesse locale et des grands propri\u00e9taires. C\u2019est \u00e0 cause d\u2019eux qu\u2019on a des grandes rues baroques, notamment San Pedro, Sevilla et La Huerta. Il y a quelques exemples des palais et manoirs de la Renaissance, mais c\u2019est le XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, avec ses grandes demeures, qui donnera le ton de l\u2019architecture civil d\u2019Osuna. Las familles Cepeda, Torres, Govantes, Rosso, Tamayo, etc. essaieront de perp\u00e9tuer sa puissance et grandeur avec des fa\u00e7ades en pierre d\u00e9cor\u00e9es. Le Palais du Marqu\u00e9s de la Gomera est le principal repr\u00e9sentant. Sa porte, avec deux \u00e9tages \u00e0 colonnades, tr\u00e8s dynamique, est couronn\u00e9e avec le blason nobiliaire. La silhouette recti-curviligne de la corniche s\u2019\u00e9teint dans le coin, avec la tour du belv\u00e9d\u00e8re qui entoure la fa\u00e7ade. C\u2019est le Baroque accompagn\u00e9 d\u2019une grande th\u00e9\u00e2tralit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dans cette concurrence ornementale, on trouve un nouveau participant : la classe religieuse. Deux des meilleures exemples sont la Cilla del Cabildo de la Cath\u00e9drale de Sevilla et le couvent de la Merced, tous les deux sont fruit des plans de la famille Ruiz Florindo dans le dernier quart du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle. L\u2019imagination se manifeste dans las fa\u00e7ades et, principalement, dans la tour du couvent de la Merced, o\u00f9 les \u00e9l\u00e9ments classiques sont modifi\u00e9s avec une libert\u00e9 limit\u00e9e seulement aux possibilit\u00e9s de la pierre.<\/span><\/p>\n

Osuna n\u2019a pas souffert l\u2019impact du d\u00e9veloppement des ann\u00e9es soixante-dix du si\u00e8cle dernier. L\u2019\u00e9migration a diminu\u00e9 la fi\u00e8vre du montage des usines et le centre ville, un peu d\u00e9peupl\u00e9, ne s\u2019est pas vu modifi\u00e9 beaucoup. On d\u00e9pendait toujours de l\u2019\u00e9conomie agricole et, \u00e0 cause de cela, les conditions de vie \u00e9taient plus dures. Cependant, cela a aussi permis de conserver un patrimoine, accumul\u00e9 pendant des si\u00e8cles et exemples des richesses pass\u00e9es, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui qui enchante aux amoureux de la beaut\u00e9 et de l\u2019art.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb497″ image_size=\u00a0\u00bblarge\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbentrance\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb hover_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb image_loading=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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